SYLLABUS – SNS Courseware

801852 – MODERN IMAGING MODALITIES AND RECENT TRENDS IN IMAGING

UNIT 1. Mammography: The Mammography as a clinical diagnostic t**l- immobilization and identification techniques-positioning techniques for various projections – exposure factors Conventional & Digital studies- quality and advantage- diagnosis and screening Characteristics of benign and malignant lesions ᎓ patient care ᎓ female attendant interventional procedures – radiation dose- recent advances in mammography techniques -mammo tomogram & Sonomammography procedures- advantages & limitations.

UNIT 2. Ultrasonography/ Doppler studies: Techniques of sonography-selection- Preparations – instructions and positioning of patient for TAS, TVS, TRUS, neck USG and extremities- patient care and maintenance protocols-clinical applications display methods ᎓quality image reproducible extend -assurance to patients

UNIT 3. CT scan studies acquisition/ protocols /techniques: CT of head and neck ᎓ thorax ᎓ abdomen ᎓ pelvis ᎓ musculo skeletal system spine ᎓ PNS. Anatomy ᎓ clinical indications and contraindications ᎓ patient preparation ᎓ technique ᎓ contrast media-types, dose, injection technique; timing, sequence – image display ᎓ patient care ᎓ utilization of available techniques & image processing facilities to guide the clinician-CT anatomy and pathology of different organ systems.

UNIT 4. MRI Scanners: Methods of MRI imaging methods ᎓ Head and Neck ,Thorax, Abdomen, Musculoskeletal System imaging – Clinical indications and contraindications- types of common sequences-effects of sequence on imaging – Protocols for various studies- slice section- patient preparation-positioning of the patient -patient care calibration – paramagnetic agents and dose, additional techniques and recent advances in MRI -image acquisition-modification of procedures in an unconscious or un co-operative patient – plain studies- contrast studies -special procedures- reconstructions- 3D images- MRS blood flow imaging, diffusion/perfusion scans – strength and limitations of MRI- role of radiographer.

UNIT 5. Angiography and Cine Studies /DSA Conventional / DSA studies- Abdominal, visceral, peripheral, cerebral and cardiac angiography – arterial/venous anatomy, physiology-clinical indications and contraindications – patient preparation-positioning of the patient -patient care contrast media – types of contrast – dosage – accessories catheters, guide wires pressure injection- control of radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment – exposure factors for serial programmes-programming-injection protocols- outline on each radiological procedure- radiographer᎙s role- patient management before -during and after the procedure – venography- interventional angiography in hepatobiliary, GIT, urology and vascular system- coils/stents etc- indications and contraindications – role of radiographer-radiation safety.

UNIT 6. Nuclear Scintiscan procedures: SPECT-CT & PET-CT studies, protocols, Basics of common clinical Nuclear Medicin procedures/techniques᎓comparison with different structural imaging studies advantages and limitations.

UNIT 7.Recent Advances in Imaging Dynamic CT & MRI studies Per operative application of various imaging systems including detector probes application in Nuclear Medicine Imaging guidance in therapeutic procedures-IGRT, TACE & TARE etc.