1402 – Biochemistry

Introduces the basic concepts of carbohydrates and their role in the human body, including glucose and glycogen metabolism for energy production and storage.

Explains the classification and functions of proteins and their importance in body structure, enzymes, hormones, and immune responses.

Describes the classification and functions of lipids and their role in energy storage, cell membrane structure, and physiological regulation.

Discusses enzymes, including definition, nomenclature, classification, factors affecting enzyme activity, active site, coenzymes, enzyme inhibition, units of enzymes, isozymes, and enzyme patterns in diseases.

Covers the importance of vitamins and minerals, including fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), water-soluble and B-complex vitamins, principal elements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and sulphur), and trace elements.

Explains nutrition and energy metabolism, including calorific value of foods, basal metabolic rate (BMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), specific dynamic action (SDA), balanced diet, and nutritional deficiency disorders such as marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Introduces the principles of acids and bases, including definition, pH, Henderson Hasselbalch equation, buffers, indicators, normality, molarity, and molality.

Discusses the clinical significance of serum electrolytes in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Provides basic laboratory training through practical experiments such as Benedict’s test and heat coagulation test for the detection of carbohydrates and proteins.