1533 – ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

1. Foundations:
   • Ultrasound physics and instrumentation
   • Patient care techniques and safety
   • Cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, and hemodynamics
   • ECG (EKG) basics
2. Echocardiography Techniques:
   *****ransthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) Ó standard views (parasternal, apical, subcostal, suprasternal)
3. 2D imaging, M-mode, and measurements
4. Color Doppler, Spectral Doppler (PW & CW), and quantitative analysis
5. 3D echocardiography (in advanced modules)
6. Stress echocardiography and contrast-enhanced echo
7. Pathology and Disease Assessment:
   • Valvular heart disease (stenosis, regurgitation)
   • Ischemic heart disease and wall motion abnormalities
   • Cardiomyopathies
   • Pericardial diseases
   • Congenital heart defects (adult and pediatric)
   • Aortic diseases and pulmonary hypertension
   • Right and left heart function evaluation
   • Diastolic function and heart failure
8. Advanced/Related Topics:
   *****ransesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) Ó introduction
9. Indications, limitations, and reporting of echo studies
10. Artifacts, quality control, and image optimization
11. Preparation for national registry exams (ARDMS AE exam, CCI RCS, etc.)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

• Perform a complete, high-quality adult transthoracic echocardiogram independently
• Accurately measure cardiac structures and assess function
• Recognize normal vs. abnormal findings
• Use Doppler to evaluate blood flow and hemodynamics
• Communicate findings effectively to cardiologists
• Work safely and professionally in clinical settings