Introduction to physiology – Cell structure, body fluid compartments, Homeostasis, transport across cell membrane, neuromuscular junction and muscle contraction. Blood – composition and function of blood, erythropoiesis , anaemia ,polycythemia, blood coagulation , plasma proteins, blood groups including Rh. Cardiovascular system – Conduction of heart beat, cardiac cycle, ECG , cardiac output, arterial blood pressure measurement , heart rate.

Respiration ൓ Mechanism, lung volume and capacities, transport of oxygen and carbondioxide, regulation of respiration, artificial respiration. Digestive system ൓ secretions and functions of salivary glands, gastric glands, pancreas, small intestine, absorption, liver function. Excretory system ൓ formation of urine, micturition, normal and abnormal constituents of urine

Endocrine system ൓ Major endocrine glands, hypothalamic- pituitary ൓ target gland axis , regulation. Reproductive system ൓ male and female sex hormones, spermatogenesis, menstrual cycle. Integumentary system – functions of skin

Nervous system ൓ nerve impulse conduction, synapse, receptors, reflex action, ascending and descending tracts, functions of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem, sleep and reticular formation. Special senses – olfaction, gestation, hearing and vision ൓ pathways and applied aspect

Reference Book: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology for Allied Health Sciences – PR Ashalatha