Syllabus – SNS Courseware

23BMT303 – Radiological Equipment

UNIT 1 RADIOGRAPHY AND FLUOROSCOPY

X-ray tube – X-ray energy spectrum – Interactions of X-rays with the body – X-ray linear and mass attenuation coefficients – Collimators – Anti-scatter grids – X-ray detectors – Digital fluoroscopy

UNIT 2 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Basic Principles – Generations of Computed Tomography – CT Numbers, Hounsfield Unit and Gray Scale – Image Formation and Back Projection – Image Quality – Image Artifacts

UNIT 3 PET AND SPECT

Gamma camera – scintillation crystal – photomultiplier tubes – pulse height analyzer – Instrument dead time – Annihilation coincidence detection ᧓ Basic elements of PET and SPECT – Time-of-flight PET – Clinical applications of PET and SPECT

UNIT 4 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

MR imaging principles – Effects of a radiofrequency pulse on magnetization – T1 and T2 relaxation times – Superconducting magnet design – Magnetic field gradient coils – Radiofrequency coils – Receiver design – Parallel imaging using coil arrays – Functional MRI.

UNIT 5 ULTRASOUND

Acoustic Theory – Ultrasound Transducer – Ultrasound Beam Properties – Ultrasound Image Acquisition – Ultrasound Machine – Doppler Ultrasound – Ultrasound Artifacts – Bioeffects of Ultrasound Imaging – Advancements in Ultrasound

Reference Book:

1). Jerrold T. Bushberg. ᧜The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging᧝, 4th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins publications, 2020.
2). Michael G. Stabin, ᧜Radiation Protection and Dosimetry: An Introduction to Health Physics᧝, Springer, 2007.
3). Jerry Prince, ᧜Medical Imaging Signals and Systems᧝, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2014.
4). Gopal B. Saha, ᧜Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine-Springer᧝, Verlag New York, 2013.
5). William R. Hendee, ᧜Medical Imaging Physics᧝-Wiley-Liss, 2002.

Text Book:

1). Muhammed Maqbool , ᧜An Introduction to Medical Physics᧝, Springer, 2017.
2). N.Smith & A.Webb, ᧜Introduction to Medical Imaging᧝, Cambridge University Press, 2011.