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Puzzle
A puzzle is a problem or game designed to test a person’s knowledge, logic, reasoning, or creativity. It involves finding a solution by applying critical thinking, pattern recognition, and problem-solving skills. Puzzles can take various forms such as logical puzzles, mathematical puzzles, word puzzles, or visual challenges. They are widely used for entertainment as well as educational purposes, helping to improve cognitive abilities, concentration, and analytical thinking. Solving puzzles encourages patience and persistence, as many require step-by-step reasoning and trial-and-error approaches. Overall, puzzles play an important role in enhancing mental agility and developing problem-solving skills in an engaging and interactive way.
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23CST201 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES
To equip students with the knowledge and skills to design, create, manage, and access data within a database system

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 
Purpose of Database System – Views of data – Data models, Database Management system – Three- schema architecture of DBMS, Components of DBMS. Entity – Relationship Model – Conceptual data modeling – motivation, entities, entity types, attributes, relationships, relationship types, Entity Relationship diagram notations, Examples
UNIT II RELATIONAL MODEL
Relational Data Model – keys, referential integrity and foreign keys, Relational Algebra – SQL fundamentals – Introduction, data definition in SQL, table, key and foreign key definitions, update behaviors – Intermediate SQL – Views, Triggers, Joins, Constraints, Stored Procedure – Advanced SQL features – Embedded SQL- Dynamic SQL
UNIT III DATABASE DESIGN
Dependencies and Normal forms – Functional Dependencies, Armstrong’s axioms for FD’s, closure of a set of FD’s, minimal covers – Non-loss decomposition – First, Second, Third Normal Forms, Dependency Preservation – Boyce Codd Normal Form- Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form- Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form
UNIT IV TRANSACTIONS 
Transaction Concepts – ACID Properties – Schedules – Serializability – Concurrency Control – Need for Concurrency – Locking Protocols – Two Phase Locking – Deadlock – Transaction Recovery – Save Points – Isolation Levels – SQL Facilities for Concurrency and Recovery.
UNIT V PHYSICAL STORAGE AND MONGODB 
Data Storage and Indexes – RAID – File Organization – Indexing and Hashing – Ordered Indices – B+  tree Index Files – B tree Index Files – Static Hashing – Dynamic Hashing. Query Processing Overview – Algorithms for Selection and Sorting Basics of MongoDB, Procedural Language

TEXT BOOKS
T1:  Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudharshan, Database System Concepts, Sixth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.
T2:  RamezElmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database System, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2011.
T3:  Tiwari, Shashank. Professional NoSQL. John Wiley amp, Sons, 2011.

REFERENCES

R1: C.J.Date, A.Kannan, S.Swamynathan, An Introduction to Database Systems, Eighth Edition, Pearson Education, 2006.
R2: Raghu Ramakrishnan, Database Management Systems, Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill College Publications, 2015.
R3: G.K.Gupta,Database Management Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of the course students should be able to
CO 1 Understand basic database concepts and its structures with logical designing using E R model.
CO 2 Design a relational database schema and be able to write SQL queries for the application.
CO 3 Apply various Normalization techniques to perform good database design.
CO 4 Examine the transaction processing and locking using concurrency control concepts
CO 5 Analyze the basic database storage structures and implementation techniques with the MongoDB.

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