Introduction: Purpose of the Database System- Database System Architecture - Data Models- Database Languages - Mappings- Database Users and DBA. Relational Model: Structure of relational databases- Domains- Relations- Relational algebra – fundamental operators and syntax- relational algebra queries- tuple relational calculus

Entity-Relationship model: Basic concepts - Design process- constraints – keys - Design issues – mapping constraints - E-R diagrams - weak entity sets - generalization- specialization- aggregation. Relational Database Design: Functional Dependency - definition- trivial and non-trivial FD- closure of FD set- closure of attributes - Normalization -1Nf- 2NF- 3NF- Decomposition using FD- dependency preservation- BCNF- Multi- valued dependency- 4NF- Join dependency and 5NF

SQL Concepts : Basics of SQL- DDL-DML-DCL- structure – creation- alteration- defining constraints – Primary key- foreign key- unique- not null- check- IN operator- Functions - aggregate functions- Built-in functions –numeric- date- string functions- set operations- sub-queries- correlated sub-queries- Use of group by- having- order by- join and its types- Exist- Any- All - view and its types. Transaction control commands – Commit- Rollback- save point. PL/SQL Concepts: Cursors- Stored Procedures- Stored Function- Database Triggers

1. Creating tables and enforcing data integrity in SQL 2. Process Data with manipulation commands- aggregate functions and sorting concept in SQL 3. Retrieve data from multiple tables using various types of joins in SQL

4. Using sub queries and managing databases in SQL 5. Implementing Procedures- Functions in PL/SQL. 6. Implementing Cursors and Triggers in Pl/SQL