Students will learn how organisms respond to internal and external stimuli through chemical and electrical signaling.

Coordination in Animals:

Structure of a neuron and synapse.

Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord) and Peripheral Nervous System.

Reflex action and reflex arcs.

Hormones in Animals:

Endocrine glands (Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads) and their functions.

Feedback mechanisms.

Coordination in Plants:

Plant movements (tropic movements vs. nastic movements).

Plant hormones (Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid).