Unit I: Introduction and Number Systems                          Hours: 12

Digital systems overview – Analog vs digital signals – Number systems: binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal – Binary arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division ᧓ Signed numbers: 1᧟s complement, 2᧟s complement – BCD representation – Industry relevance: digital computation and data representation – Case Study: Designing a simple binary calculator for embedded systems

Unit II: Boolean algebra and Logic Gates                          Hours: 12

Boolean algebra: laws, theorems, simplification techniques – Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR – Simplification using Karnaugh maps (2, 3, 4 variables) ᧓ Industry relevance: optimization of logic circuits, microprocessor implementation – Case Study: Designing a traffic light control system using minimal logic gates

Unit III: Combinational Logic Design                                 Hours: 12

Combinational circuits: adders, subtractors, multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, decoders- Design methodology and implementation strategies – Real-world examples: ALU components,signal selectors, code converters – Industry relevance: digital circuit design, embedded systems –Case Study: Implementation of a digital voting machine using combinational logic

Unit IV: Sequential Logic Design                                      Hours: 12

Latches and flip-flops: SR, JK, D, T – Analysis and design of synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits – Counters: ripple, synchronous, up/down counters – Registers: shift registers, serial-in serial-out, parallel-in parallel-out – Industry relevance: memory elements, control units, timing circuits – Case Study: Designing a digital clock using counters and flip-flops.

Unit V: Minimization, Timing Analysis, and Practical Applications Hours: 12

Minimization techniques for combinational circuits – Propagation delay, setup time, holdtime, timing analysis – Design using programmable logic devices (PLDs)Applications:microprocessors, embedded systems, digital electronics – Industry relevance: efficient digital system design, high-speed computing – Case Study: Design and optimization of an ALU for a microprocessor

Textbooks:

1. Morris Mano, (2023). ᧜Digital Design᧝, 6th Edition, Pearson Publication.

*****homas L. Floyd, (2023). ᧜Digital Fundamentals᧝, 12th Edition, Pearson Publication.

Reference Books:

1. Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer, Gregory L. Moss (2023). ᧜Digital Systems: Principles and

Applications᧝, 12th Edition, Pearson Publication.

2. Charles H. Roth Jr. (2023). ᧜Digital System Design using VHDL᧝, 3rd Edition, Cengage

Learning Publication.

3. John F. Wakerly, (2023). ᧜Digital Design: Principles and Practices᧝, 5th Edition, Pearson

Publication.

E-Resources:

1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/digital-logic-design/
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_electronics/index.htm
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/104/108104103/
4. https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/introduction-to-digital-electronics/
5. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-004-computation-

structures-spring-2017/