Unit I- Nature of Learning Learning: meaning and definition - elements of learning – basic principles of learning and their implications – rote learning vs. meaningful learning – principles and techniques of active learning and their implications – self learning. Unit II Nature of Teaching Teaching: Definition and meaning – Characteristics of good teaching – Views of great thinkers and philosophers on teaching - Becoming a reflective teacher and his characteristics - My goals as a teacher.

Unit III Behavioral Theories of Learning Learning – meaning of learning as defined by behaviorists – classical conditioning (Pavlov) – Law of effect (Thorndike) – operant conditioning and shaping (Skinner) – social learning (Bandura) - Basic assumptions of behavioural theory – strengths and limitations. Unit IV Cognitive and humanistic theories of learning Learning – meaning of learning as defined by cognitive psychologists – Insight learning (Kohlberg) - Modes of cognitive development (Bruner) – Stages of intellectual development (Piaget) – Learning styles (Kolb) – Self-actualization ( Maslow) - Theory of a fully functioning person ( Carl Rogers).

Unit V Theory of Constructivism Constructivism – meaning and definitions - The nature of constructivist learners the role of teachers, the nature of learning process, collaboration among learners and pedagogical approaches to constructivism - Gagne’s eight levels of learning. Unit VI Learner- centered teaching Meaning - characteristics of learner-centered teaching/learner-centered learning. Need for learner-centered approaches in teaching advantages of learner-centered teaching vs teacher-centered learning, teaching – Learner - centered techniques of teaching and their advantages.

Unit VII Teaching in Diverse classrooms Meaning and definitions of diverse classroom-Teaching in a diverse classroom-preparation of teachers of diverse classroom-Techniques of teaching in a diverse classroom/Diverse teaching strategies for diverse learners-effective teaching in a diverse class room-Diversity in the classroom. Unit VIII Learning in and out of School Purpose of learning in and out of school: what we know? And what we need to know? Importance of observation learning out of school- out of school learning: extending curriculum learning to the local area -approaches to learning outside the class room- learning for outside the classroom-advantages of learning outside the classroom.

Unit IX Teacher- Student Relationship Meaning - Need for maintaining teacher-student relationship - inter-personal approach in classroom management - strategies for improving student engagement in learning - Healthy classroom management and academic achievement. Unit X Teaching as a profession Nature of teaching - Teaching as a profession - characteristics of effective and ineffective teaching - why teaching is the most important profession –Attitude of student-teachers towards teaching profession - Qualities of a professional teacher - Faculty development programmes - Teaching and Learning for sustainable future.