Commerce: Meaning, nature and scope – Aims and objectives of teaching Commerce in schools – Need and significance of teaching Commerce – Values of teaching Commerce.

Steps in planning a lesson: Setting lesson goals - Designing a unit plan – Designing a lesson plan – Bloom’s Taxonomy of educational objectives - Formulating educational objectives at cognitive, affective and psychomotor levels – Structure of a four-fold lesson plan Preparation of a model lesson plan – Types of test-items – Constructing test-items for formative evaluation in class.

Meaning of teaching – Understanding major teaching skills: Introducing - explaining - questioning - varying the stimulus - non-verbal cues - reinforcement - closure and fluency in communication – Practising a mini-lesson with multiple-teaching skills (for 20 minutes): Observation and feedback on the practice of integration of teaching skills – Understanding major steps in teaching a mini-lesson: Motivation - presentation interaction - reflection and summing up – Practising a mini-lesson (for 20 minutes): Observation and feedback on mini- teaching. (Note: Teacher-Educators should give a demonstration of a mini-lesson by integrating major teaching skills (for 20 minutes) and they should demonstrate a mini-lesson by integrating major teaching steps in teaching.)

Teacher-centered methods: Lecture method - Demonstration method – Team teaching. Learner-centered methods: Project method - Peer tutoring/teaching by students - Individual activities - experiential learning -Teacher-guided learning - Problem-solving - Small group/ whole-class interactive learning: Student seminar - Group discussion – Mixed-ability grouping. Recent trends: Constructivist learning - Problem-based learning -Brain-based learning - Collaborative learning - Flipped learning - Blended learning - e-Learning trends – Video- conferencing.

Print resources: Newspapers - Journals – Magazines - Commerce Encyclopaedias. Audio resources: Radio talk- audio tapes - DVDs/CDs. Visual resources: Pictures – charts – posters – photographs - flash cards – diagrams – graphs - models. ICT resources: Radio - TV - Internet -multimedia - interactive whiteboard. Community resources: Fieldtrips - Commerce exhibition/fair –Commerce Resource Centre – Commerce Club – Qualities of a good commerce textbook - Qualities of a Commerce teacher.