Paradigm shift from pedagogy to Andragogy to Heutagogy – Concept and stages – Critical Pedagogy: Meaning, Foster independent thinking through critical pedagogy, Need and its implications in Teacher Education. Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis-Pedagogical Analysis

Bloom’s Mastery Learning, Skinner’s Operant Training, Bruner’s Concept attainment, Ausubel’s Advance Organizer, Glaser’s Basic Teaching (Classroom Meeting), Byron Massials and Benjamincox’s social inquiry, Carl Roger’s Non-directive and William Gordon’s Synectics models.

Activity Based Instruction: Concept, Classification - Role Play, Simulation, Incident method, Case Study method, Gaming and prioritisation exercises. Group Controlled Instruction: Concept, Definition and Importance of Group Controlled Instruction – Types of Group Controlled Instruction: Group Interactive sessions, Co-operative Learning methods, Group investigation, Group Projects.

Need and significance of learning resources in Commerce and Accountancy - Identifying and analyzing the learning resources in the teaching-learning process of Commerce and Accountancy - Exhibitions/fairs - Commerce and Accountancy club - Commerce and Accountancy Resource Centre - Field visits/Industrial visits and excursion as learning resource in Commerce and Accountancy.

Measurement and Evaluation - Differentiate between Assessment and Evaluation - Types of evaluation: Formative, Summative, Diagnostic Test – Standardization of Test, Principles and steps involved in the construction of achievement test of Commerce and Accountancy – Blue Print and Question Pattern - Feedback Devices: Meaning, Types, Criteria, - Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journal, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency Based Evaluation