Paradigm shift from pedagogy to Andragogy to Heutagogy – Concept and stages - Critical Pedagogy: Meaning, Foster independent thinking through critical pedagogy, Need and its implications in Teacher Education. Interaction Analysis: Flanders’ Interaction analysis, Galloway’s system of interaction analysis (Recording of Classroom Events, Construction and Interpretation of Interaction Matrix).

Bloom’s Mastery Learning, Skinner’s Operant Training, Bruner’s Concept attainment, Ausubel’s Advance Organizer, Glaser’s Basic Teaching (Classroom Meeting), Byron Massials and Benjamin cox’s social inquiry, Carl Roger’s Non-directive and William Gordon’s Synectics models.

Activity Based Instruction: Concept, Classification - Role Play, Simulation, Incident method, Case Study method, Gaming and prioritisation exercises. Group Controlled Instruction: Concept, Definition and Importance of Group Controlled Instruction – Types of Group Controlled Instruction: Group Interactive sessions, Co-operative Learning methods, Group investigation, Group Projects.

Need and significance of learning resources in Economics - Identifying and analyzing the learning resources in teaching-learning process of Economics - Exhibitions/fairs - Economics club - Economics Resource Centre - Field visits and excursion as learning resource in Economics.

Measurement and Evaluation - Differentiate between Assessment and Evaluation - Types of evaluation: Formative, Summative, Diagnostic Test – Standardization of Test , Principles and steps involved in the construction of achievement test – Blue Print and Question Pattern - Feedback Devices: Meaning, Types, Criteria, - Assessment of Portfolios, Reflective Journal, Field Engagement using Rubrics, Competency Based Evaluation.