Need for System analysis in planning and operation of power system – system modelling of synchronous machines- transformers – loads – per unit system, single line diagram of electrical networks- Formulation of Bus impedance and admittance matrices

Algorithm for short circuit studies – symmetrical component transformation – sequence networks. symmetrical analysis of unsymmetrical line-to-ground (LG), Line-to line (LL), double line-to-ground (LLG) faults using symmetrical components

Formulation of load flow problem - bus classification – Solution by Gauss-Seidel – Newton Raphson and Fast decoupled methods - Comparison - Computation of slack bus power, transmission loss and line flow

Optimal operation of generators – Economical scheduling of thermal plant with and without transmission losses – Loss formula derivation- unit commitment – elementary idea of optimal load scheduling of Hydro – Thermal plants

Steady state and Transient stability – Swing equation and its solution by Modified Euler and Runge- Kutta methods – Equal area criterion – Overview of Reactive Power control — Reactive Power compensation in transmission systems – advantages and disadvantages of different types of compensating equipment for transmission systems