Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy 2 2 Classification of drugs: ● Alphabetical ● Taxonomical ● Morphological ● Pharmacological ● Chemical ● Chemo-taxonomical 4 3 Quality control of crude drugs: ● Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs ● Evaluation of crude drugs

Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs. 1.Laxatives Aloe, Castor oil, Ispaghula, Senna 2.Cardiotonic Digitalis, Arjuna 3.Carminatives and G.I. regulators Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon 4.Astringents Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu 5.Drugs acting on nervous system Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca 6.Anti-hypertensive Rauwolfia 7.Anti-tussive Vasaka, Tolu Balsam 8.Anti-rheumatics Colchicum seed

Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs. 9.Anti-tumour Vinca, Podophyllum 10.Antidiabetics Pterocarpus, Gymnema 11.Diuretics Gokhru, Punarnava 12.Anti-dysenteric Ipecacuanha 13Antiseptics and disinfectants Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric 14.Antimalarials Cinchona, Artemisia 15.Oxytocic Ergot 16Vitamins Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil 17Enzymes Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast 18Pharmaceutical Aids Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine 19.Miscellaneous Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul

Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures ● Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy ● Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential

Herbs as health food: Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic Introduction to herbal formulations Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil Phytochemical investigation of drugs