History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations.  Pharmacy as a career  Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, BP, USP, NF and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian PharmacopoeiaPackaging materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of glass, plastic, metal, rubber as packaging materials

Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic (Colouring, flavouring, and sweetening) agents Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses Unit operations: Definition, objectives/applications, principles, construction, and workings of: Size reduction: hammer mill and ball millSize separation: Classification of powders according to IP, Cyclone separator, Sieves and standards of sieves

Mixing: Double cone blender, Turbine mixer, Triple roller mill and Silverson mixer homogenizer Filtration: Theory of filtration, membrane filter and sintered glass filter Drying: working of fluidized bed dryer and process of freeze drying Extraction: Definition, Classification, method, and applications Tablets – coated and uncoated, various modified tablets (sustained release, extended-release, fast dissolving, multilayered, etc.)

Capsules - hard and soft gelatine capsules Liquid oral preparations - solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution Topical preparations - ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments and lotions, suppositories, and pessaries Nasal preparations, Ear preparations Powders and granules - Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders, and effervescent granules Sterile formulations – Injectables, eye drops and eye ointments Immunological products: Sera, vaccines, toxoids, and their manufacturing methods.

Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants Quality control and quality assurance: Definition and concepts of quality control and quality assurance, current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), Introduction to the concept of calibration and validation Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, Classification with examples, advantages, and challenges