Security Problem in Computing: Define Security – Attacks – The meaning of Computer Security – Computer Criminals – Methods of Defense – Encryption Overview – Hardware and Software Security – Encryption In–Depth – Terms and concepts.

Program Security: Secure Programs – Nonmalicious Program Errors – Viruses and Other Malicious Code – Targeted Malicious Code – Controls Against Program Threats – Terms and Concepts.

Protection in General – Purpose Operating System: Protected Objects and Methods of Protection – Memory and Address Protection – Control of Access to General Objects – File Protection Mechanisms – User Authentication.

Database Security: Introduction to databases – security requirements – reliability and integrity – sensitive data – inference – multilevel databases – proposal for multilevel security.

Administering Security: Security Planning – Risk Analysis. Legal, Privacy and Ethical Issues in Computer Security: Software Failures – Privacy – Ethical Issues in Computer Security.