Auditing – Origin – Definition – Objectives – Types –Advantages and Limitations - Qualities of an Auditor - Audit Programme.

Internal Control: Meaning, Importance. Internal check: Internal check for Various Transactions. Internal Audit: Meaning – Internal Audit & Statutory Audit, Audit Note Book -Working Papers. Vouching: It’s meaning - Voucher - Vouching of Cash Book –Vouching of Trading Transactions.

Verification and Valuation of Assets (Cash in hand, Cash at Bank, Loans, Bills Receivable, Investment, Stock in Hand) and Liabilities (Capital, Reserve Accounts and Funds, Debentures & Mortgages, Trade Creditors, Bills Payable, Outstanding Expenses, Loans, Contingent Liabilities) - Auditor’s Position Regarding the Valuation and Verifications of Assets and Liabilities - Depreciation: Meaning , Objectives, Measure of Depreciation .

Audit of Joint Stock Companies – Qualifications – Disqualifications – Various Modes of Appointment of Company Auditor – Removal of an auditor - Rights and Duties - Liabilities of a Company Auditor Investigation: Objectives of Investigation – Investigation under the provisions of Companies Act – Duties of an Investigator.

Electronic Data Processing Audit – Meaning - Division of Auditing in EDP Environment - Approach to Auditing under Computerized Environment – Characteristics of an EDP Environment Audit - Special Technique and Challenges - Audit Software.