Database System Architecture - Basic Concepts: Data System, Operational Data, Data Independence, Architecture for a Database System, Distributed Databases, Storage Structures: Representation of Data. Data Structures and Corresponding Operators: Introduction, Relation Approach, Hierarchical Approach, Network Approach.

Relational Approach: Relational Data Structure: Relation, Domain, Attributes, Key Relational Algebra - Introduction, Traditional Set Operation. Attribute, Attribute names for derived relations - Special Relational Operations.

Embedded SQL: Introduction – Operations not involving cursors, involving cursors – Dynamic statements, Query by Example – Retrieval operations, Built-in Functions, update operations - QBE Dictionary. Normalization: Functional dependency, First, Second, Third normal forms, Relations with more than one candidate key, Good and bad decomposition.

Hierarchical Approach: IMS data structure - Physical Database, Database Description- Hierarchical sequence - External level of IMS: Logical Databases, the program communication block IMS Data manipulation: Defining the Program Communication Block: DL / 1 Examples.

Network Approach: Architecture of DBTG System. DBTG Data Structure: The set construct, Singular sets, Sample Schema, the external level of DBTG – DBTG Data Manipulation.