Frame of reference - Postulates of special relativity – time dilation – length contraction by cosmic-ray muons – relativistic momentum – mass and energy – quantum theory of light and photon – De Broglie waves – waves of probability – classical mechanics and quantum mechanics – wave function – Schrodinger's equation: time- dependent form – expectation values – operators – Schrodinger's equation: steady-state form – applications of Schrodinger's equation : particle in a box– finite potential well – harmonic oscillator and its energy levels – zero-point energy

Electron orbits – failiure of classical physics – atomic spectra and spectral series – the Bohr atom – energy levels and spectra – origin of line spectrum – quantization in the atomic world – correspondence principle – Schrodinger's equation for the hydrogen atom – seperation of variables method – quantum numbers – principle quantum number – orbital quantum number – magnetic quantum number – electron spin and spin quantum number – exclusion principle – Periodic table – atomic structure: shells and subshells of electrons – shell and subshell capacities – explaining the periodic table – ionization energy and size of atoms – transition elements – total angular momentum and LS coupling

The molecular bond – electron sharing: the mechanism of the covalent bond – the H2+ molecular ion – the hydrogen molecule – complex molecules – molecular bonds – hybrid orbitals – rotational energy levels and rotational spectra – vibrational energy levels and vibrational spectra – electronic spectra of molecules – fluorescence – phosphorescence

Crystalline and amorphous solids – crystal defects – ionic crystals – electron affinity and cohesive energy – coulomb energy and repulsive energy – covalent crystals – buckyballs and nanotubes – Van Der Waals bond – Hydrogen bond – metallic bond – Band theory of solids – conductors – insulators – semiconductors – impurity semiconductors – optical properties of solids – energy bands: impact of periodicity of crystal lattice – Brillouin zones – origin of forbidden bands – effective mass

Nuclear composition – some nuclear properties – spin and magnetic moments of nucleons – nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications – stable nuclei – nuclear decay – binding energy – binding energy per nucleon – radioactive decay – half life – radiometric dating – alpha decay – beta decay and inverse beta decay – gamma decay – cross section – nuclear reactions – nuclear fisson – nuclear reactors – nuclear fusion in stars and formation of heavier elements – fusion reactors