Course Content
Grade 12 Biology

Chapter-9: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).  

Chapter-10: Biotechnology and its Applications

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy.  

Genetically modified organisms: Bt crops; transgenic animals.  

Biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents.