Lesson 1: The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation

Core Concepts: Transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens; creation of a collective identity (la patrie, le citoyen); the Napoleonic Code of 1804 and its administrative reforms.

Lesson 2: The Making of Nationalism in Europe

Core Concepts: The social structure of 19th-century Europe (aristocracy vs. the new middle class); the meaning of liberal nationalism (political and economic freedom); the Zollverein (customs union) and the rise of conservatism after 1815.

Lesson 3: The Age of Revolutions (1830–1848)

Core Concepts: The July Revolution in France; the Greek War of Independence; Romanticism and its role in developing nationalist feelings through culture, poetry, and folk traditions.

Lesson 4: The Unification of Germany and Italy

Core Concepts: Otto von Bismarck and the “Blood and Iron” policy; the unification process of Germany (1871); Count Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and the unification of Italy.

Lesson 5: Visualizing the Nation and Imperialism

Core Concepts: Allegories as symbols of the state (Marianne, Germania); the shift from democratic nationalism to aggressive imperialism; the Balkan crisis as a flashpoint leading to Wor

ld War I.