- Lesson 9: Why Do We Need Political Parties?
- Core Concepts: Definition and key components of a political party; major functions of parties in a democracy; the necessity of organized parties vs. independent candidates.
- Lesson 10: Party Systems and Party Classifications
- Core Concepts: One-party, t****arty, and multi-party systems (pros and cons); criteria for a party to be recognized as a National or State/Regional party; overview of prominent national political ideologies.
- Lesson 11: Challenges to Political Parties & Reforms
- Core Concepts: Lack of internal democracy; dynastic succession; the growing role of money and muscle power; lack of meaningful choices for voters; recent electoral reforms (anti-defection laws, mandatory financial/criminal affidavits).
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